APUSH Period 6 Key Concepts takes us on a captivating journey through the transformative era of American history, from the Industrial Revolution to the Progressive Era and beyond. This period witnessed profound economic, social, and cultural changes that shaped the nation’s destiny.

From the factories of the Northeast to the vast frontiers of the West, we delve into the forces that propelled America’s growth and expansion. The Industrial Revolution brought technological advancements that revolutionized industries, while westward expansion fueled a spirit of Manifest Destiny and reshaped the nation’s relationship with Native American tribes.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: Economic Growth and Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution in the United States was a period of rapid economic growth and technological innovation that transformed the nation from a primarily agricultural society to an industrial powerhouse. Beginning in the late 18th century and continuing into the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way goods were produced, the organization of labor, and the overall structure of the American economy.

Understanding the key concepts of APUSH Period 6 is crucial for comprehending the pivotal events that shaped the United States. These concepts, such as westward expansion, industrialization, and the Civil War, provide a framework for analyzing the complexities of this era.

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Causes of the Industrial Revolution

• Abundant natural resources, such as coal, iron ore, and timber
• Growing population and a large labor force
• Access to capital and investment from wealthy merchants and financiers
• Government policies that encouraged industrial development, such as tariffs and subsidies

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

• Increased productivity and economic growth
• Creation of new industries and jobs
• Urbanization and the growth of cities
• Improvements in transportation and communication
• Social and economic inequality

Technological Innovations

The Industrial Revolution was driven by a series of technological innovations that transformed American industry. These innovations included:

• The steam engine, which provided a reliable source of power for factories
• The cotton gin, which made it possible to process cotton more efficiently
• The interchangeable parts system, which allowed for the mass production of goods
• The telegraph, which improved communication and transportation

Impact on the American Economy and Society

The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the American economy and society. It led to increased productivity and economic growth, creating new industries and jobs. It also led to urbanization and the growth of cities, as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories.

However, the Industrial Revolution also led to social and economic inequality, as factory workers often worked long hours in dangerous conditions for low pay.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: Territorial Expansion and Manifest Destiny

The 19th century witnessed an unprecedented surge in American territorial expansion, driven by a complex interplay of political, economic, and social factors. This westward movement profoundly shaped the nation’s identity, economy, and relationship with Native American tribes.

Motivations for Westward Expansion

• Economic Opportunities:The vast, fertile lands of the West promised abundant resources, including timber, minerals, and agricultural land, attracting settlers, farmers, and miners.
• Political Ambitions:Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States had a God-given right to expand westward, fueled political support for expansionist policies.
• National Security:Acquiring new territories was seen as a way to protect the nation from potential foreign threats.

Major Events and Figures

The westward movement was marked by a series of significant events and figures:

• Louisiana Purchase (1803):President Thomas Jefferson’s purchase of the vast Louisiana Territory doubled the size of the United States.
• Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806):Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the uncharted territory of the Louisiana Purchase, paving the way for further settlement.
• Indian Removal Act (1830):President Andrew Jackson signed this controversial law, forcing Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River.
• Gold Rush (1848-1855):The discovery of gold in California triggered a massive influx of settlers, transforming the region.
• Transcontinental Railroad (1869):The completion of the transcontinental railroad connected the East and West Coasts, facilitating commerce and settlement.

Impact on Native American Tribes

Westward expansion had a devastating impact on Native American tribes. Their lands were seized, their cultures were disrupted, and their populations were decimated by disease and warfare.

• Loss of Land:Native American tribes were forced to cede vast tracts of land to the United States government, often through coerced treaties or violent conflicts.
• Cultural Disruption:The westward movement disrupted traditional Native American ways of life, including hunting, farming, and spiritual practices.
• Disease and Warfare:European diseases and warfare took a heavy toll on Native American populations, leading to widespread death and displacement.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: Immigration and Urbanization

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed several waves of immigration to the United States. Push factors, such as economic hardship, political instability, and religious persecution in Europe, drove many to seek a better life in America. Simultaneously, pull factors, like the promise of economic opportunity and the availability of land, attracted immigrants from all over the world.

Challenges and Opportunities for Immigrants

Immigrants faced numerous challenges upon arriving in the United States. They often encountered discrimination, prejudice, and xenophobia. They also struggled to adjust to a new culture, language, and way of life. Additionally, many immigrants lived in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in urban slums, facing poverty, disease, and crime.Despite

these challenges, immigrants also found opportunities in the United States. They filled low-wage jobs in factories, mines, and other industries, contributing to the country’s economic growth. Many immigrants also established their own businesses, creating vibrant ethnic communities in cities across the nation.

Impact on American Culture and Society

Immigration had a profound impact on American culture and society. It introduced new languages, foods, customs, and traditions, enriching the nation’s cultural landscape. Immigrants also played a significant role in shaping the labor movement, fighting for better working conditions and wages.

Their contributions helped transform the United States into a more diverse and vibrant nation.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: Social and Cultural Changes

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed profound social and cultural transformations in the United States. Urbanization, industrialization, and immigration profoundly reshaped American society, leading to the rise of new social movements and ideologies.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities brought about significant social changes. Urban areas became centers of economic opportunity and cultural diversity, but they also faced challenges such as overcrowding, poverty, and crime. The influx of immigrants and the migration of rural Americans to cities created a melting pot of cultures, fostering new forms of social interaction and cultural expression.

Industrialization

Industrialization transformed the workforce and the economy. The rise of factories led to the emergence of a working class, which faced challenges such as low wages, dangerous working conditions, and labor unrest. Industrialization also led to increased productivity and economic growth, which benefited many Americans.

Immigration

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a surge in immigration from Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Immigrants brought with them their own cultures and traditions, which enriched American society but also led to social tensions and discrimination. The influx of immigrants contributed to the growth of cities and the development of new industries.

New Social Movements and Ideologies

The social and cultural changes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries gave rise to new social movements and ideologies. The Progressive Movement sought to address social and economic problems, while the women’s suffrage movement fought for women’s right to vote.

Socialist and labor movements emerged to advocate for the rights of workers. These movements reflected the changing social landscape and the search for solutions to the challenges of a rapidly transforming society.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era, spanning roughly from the 1890s to the 1920s, was a period of widespread social and political reform in the United States. It was driven by a growing sense of dissatisfaction with the problems created by rapid industrialization and urbanization.

Progressives sought to address issues such as poverty, corruption, and the exploitation of workers and consumers. They believed that government should play an active role in improving the lives of ordinary Americans.

Origins of the Progressive Era

The Progressive Era was influenced by a number of factors, including the rise of the Social Gospel movement, the growth of labor unions, and the muckraking journalism of writers like Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell.

Goals of the Progressive Era, Apush period 6 key concepts

Progressives sought to achieve a wide range of reforms, including:

• Expanding democracy and increasing political participation
• Protecting consumers and workers
• Improving the quality of life in cities
• Conserving natural resources

Major Reforms of the Progressive Era

Progressives enacted a number of significant reforms, including:

• The direct primary, which allowed voters to nominate candidates directly
• The initiative, which allowed citizens to propose new laws
• The referendum, which allowed citizens to vote on laws passed by the legislature
• The recall, which allowed citizens to remove elected officials from office
• The establishment of the Federal Reserve System, which brought stability to the banking system
• The passage of child labor laws and minimum wage laws
• The creation of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act, which protected consumers from unsafe products
• The establishment of national parks and forests

Impact of the Progressive Era

The Progressive Era had a profound impact on American politics and society. It led to a more active and engaged citizenry, and it strengthened the role of government in the lives of Americans.

The Progressive Era also laid the foundation for many of the social welfare programs that were enacted in the 20th century.

APUSH Period 6 Key Concept: The United States as a World Power

The United States emerged as a world power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to several factors, including its rapidly growing economy, industrialization, and population, as well as its military strength and technological advancements.

American Imperialism

American imperialism, the policy of extending control over foreign territories, played a significant role in the country’s rise to world power. The United States acquired territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Spanish-American War (1898) and expanded its influence in Latin America through the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the Roosevelt Corollary (1904).

Impact of American Imperialism

American imperialism had a profound impact on the United States and the world. It led to increased military spending, the growth of American nationalism, and the development of a global empire. However, it also resulted in conflicts with other powers, such as the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War, and raised questions about the morality of American expansionism.

Essential Questionnaire: Apush Period 6 Key Concepts

What were the major causes of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?

Abundant natural resources, technological innovations, and a growing population.

Who were some of the key figures associated with westward expansion?

Lewis and Clark, Daniel Boone, and William Henry Harrison.

What were the challenges faced by immigrants in American cities?

Poverty, discrimination, and overcrowding.

What were the major goals of the Progressive Era?

To promote social justice, economic fairness, and political reform.

How did the United States become a world power?

Through industrialization, military strength, and economic expansion.